RN Subs

Diesel Submarines 1948 - 1958

The Diesel Submarines Of The Royal Navy Available To Engage In A Major War In The Period 1948 to 1958

Compiled by P.D. Hulme with additional notes. Acknowledgements for information and advice to John Eade, Ian Buxton, George Malcomson (Royal Naval Submarine Museum) and Roger Fry.

Submarines are mentioned in this article that were lost in war and peace
We will remember them

Extract from Submariner by Commander John Coote Royal Navy (deceased), former C.O. of the extended Totem, foreword by Submarine Admiral I.J. Galantin US Navy (Retired):

By the 1980's surveillance of NATO naval units by Soviet submarines was taken for granted. Electronic spy ships passed happily through our fleet formations, whilst their maritime aircraft buzzed over them without hindrance. But in the early 'fifties following hard on the heels of the Berlin airlift and at a time of explosive growth of Soviet sea power, sterner attitudes prevailed. I recall a confidential memorandum on the subject circulated to the Fleet at the time which reminded Escort Force Commanders that there were no prohibitions on firing depth charge patterns to test them at any time. Exactly what similar orders had gone out to the Red Navy remained a matter of conjecture, but no one fancied being the first to find out, as Gary Powers did on his U2 flight over Mother Russia.

Norman Friedman, US Naval author:

Office of Naval Intelligence (US Navy) found the future bleak; by 1951 it expected 356 Soviet submarines. It later proved to be an over estimate. ONI in 1954 credited the Soviets with 345 operational units including 83 obsolete submersibles.

Preamble

The data bases of British submarines while very useful can be confusing when trying to estimate the actual fighting strength of the Submarine Service over any particular period, in this case 1948-1958.

This period, as it will referred to throughout the list and commentary, was chosen because in 1958 the first new operational submarine since the war, Porpoise joined the fleet to be followed by the rest of her class. Other major changes were in the offing, not the least the first British nuclear submarine , but of more immediate influence, new sonar and torpedoes were finally to become a reality.

1948 was chosen as the start of the 'period of interest' for historical reasons but there was also an important practical motive - most of the disposal and scrapping of WWII vessels was complete.

Historically the 1948 Berlin Airlift symbolised the start of confrontation between the Western Powers and the Soviet Union - the Cold War.

NATO came into being the next year and the submarine started to take its place as a key player in the conduct of this trial of resolve between East and West. However while the story from about 1960 onward is well known as are the submarines involved, the active units that made up the submarine fleet of the Royal Navy when the possibility of a 'Hot War' was very real, are not as well known and this list is intended to correct that with data and photographs.

Royal Naval Submarine Museum archives has documents that already define the fleet but these are not readily available to me to use in a publication for this web site.

Of great value have been the relevant pages of the official Particulars of War Vessels 1959 CB 04826 supplied to me by Ian Buxton. These pages have provided a lot of the detail about each vessel at the close of the period and confirms what submarines were still in active service.

Including submarines temporarily in the dockyard or reserve, in 1953 (the halfway point in the period) there were 50 apparently operational diesel - electric submarines in the Royal Navy.

• 15 Amphion Class
• 22 T Class
• 11 S Class
• 2 U Class

According to PoWV 1959, all were armed with Mk 8** torpedoes of the type used in WW II with the option of mines, but according to FOSM correspondence of 1948, the electric Mk 11 torpedo was also to be carried in the extended T Class. A Mk 20 (BIDDER) passive homing torpedo was in service in 1955 but does not appear to have been considered a successful weapon. Neither the Mk 11 and the Mk 20 are mentioned in the PoV 1959.

The Mk 8** though apparently old in design was quite a sophisticated and reliable piece of machinery, but from today's point of view it was basically just an 'aim and fire' weapon. The running depth could be manually set while in the tube before firing, as could a gyro angle controlled course, commecing 40 yards after leaving the tube, but limited to three settings; 90 degrees left or zero or 90 degrees right. Most WWII RN submarine captains emphasise in their memoirs that the simple "point bow and fire" method was used for their attacks, but there is an official record of HMS Narwhal using 90 degree right gyro angle to make an attack early in WWII.

The Mk 8** was propelled by a burner-cycle combustion engine fuelled by shale oil and compressed air, and could run for 5,000 yards at 45.5 knots. 805 lb of Torpex explosive in the warhead. Diameter 21'. Weight 3,452 lbs. Overall Length 259 in. A large weapon to store and manhandle in the confines of these submarines. They were indeed submersible torpedo boats!

Books such as Naval Weapons of World War Two by John Campbell give a more detailed description of this torpedo and figures for torpedo success - briefly 5421 torpedoes fired, 1040 certain hits. The Alliance book by Lambert and Hill has detailed drawings of the torpedo and the tube firing system but little text discussion.

It would have been interesting to know if there were sufficient torpedoes to fully load all the submarines and if there were sufficient again to reload. Another useful logistical figure would have been the crew strength in the period. But these vital figures have proved difficult to obtain.

It is known from reliable anecdotes that early in the period small designated groups of mainly S Class were held in active reserve in different locations, with one crew looking after each group. It has been suggested but not confirmed, that at the same time, some T Class were held in the Dockyards.

No attempt has been made at this stage, to take on the difficult task of determining the disposition, year by year of each submarine. It well known that submarines were committed to Australia and Canada for training for long periods, however they represented a relatively small percentage of the total fleet and in principle could return to the UK if crisis circumstances arose.

'The Politics of British Defence Policy 1945 - 1962' by William P Snyder (1964) will tell the reader nothing about diesel submarines but this American military author does provide a picture of the defence politics of the period and confirms that a Soviet attack in Europe was then considered very likely (Page 19). The comment is made in the context of commitments to the Korean War.

The List With Commentary

The intention is to identify each submarine and its condition as clearly as possible. Submarines still around in the period but not sensibly available for active service, are accounted for in separate sections.

ASDIC sets in Sections 1 to 4b were of the type used in WWII. Refer to the extended T Class notes Section 4d for comment on the ASDIC and T.C.S. of the latter part of the period of interest.

There is insufficient information available to offer comment on the radar sets. Norman Friedman, 1981. Naval Radar. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870219677, may prove helpful to interested readers.

PoWV 1959 refers to the official document - Particulars of War Vessels 1959 CB 04826, relevant submarine pages provided by Ian Buxton.

The Submarines

• Section 1: Two U Class submarines
• Section 2: The introduction of a snort system in the Royal Navy
• Section 3a: The S Class submarine
• Section 3b: Eleven S Class modernised submarines
• Section 3c: Four S Class submarines to France 1951/1952
• Section 3d: Six S Class submarines scrapped by 1950
• Section 3e: Four S Class as streamlined, un-armed ASW targets
• Section 4a: Ten - Group III T Class Submarines. 1571 tons sm
• Section 4b: Accounting for T Class to early scrap or loan
• Section 4c: Eight T Class extended hull, fast battery submarines
• Section 4d: Five - Streamlined T Class submarines
• Section 5: Sixteen Amphion Class submarines
• Section 6: The Porpoise Class
• Section 7: Experimental and Trials submarines
• Section 8: The HTP Propulsion Programme of the Royal Navy
• Section 9: Personal observations - Streamlining and Guns
• Appendix; Pennant numbers

For a broader historical view of the disposition of the Submarines of the Royal Navy at this time, the following two sources are suggested. Norman Friedman 'The Post War Naval Revolution, Chapter 8, Submarines' and Eric Grove 'Vanguard to Trident 1945-1985. Chapter 6 - Peroxide to Polaris'.

Thanks to John Eade and Ian Buxton who checked and where required, corrected the basic submarine data using their sources.

Section 1: Two U Class Submarines

Two U Class Submarines - 730 tons sm. Mike Critchley - 'British Warships Since 1945', has photographs of both of these submarines that played such an important role in WWII.

They are shown in 1957 flying the White Ensign. Guns removed and a modern ASDIC domes. No pennant number displayed. Apparently the last of the large fleet of 51 small 'U' submarines, all built by Vickers Armstrong during WWII. There were 22 war losses. In addition Vickers Armstrong built 22 very similar V Class.

These submarines by name and number.

UntiringP59.
Completed 1943 Vickers Armstrong.
Loaned to Greece as Xifias 1945.
Returned to Royal Navy 1952.
Expended as A/S target off Start Point 25 July 1957.

UpstartP65.
Completed 1943 Vickers Armstrong.
Became Greek Amfitrite 1945.
Returned to Royal Navy 1952.
Expended as A/S target off Isle of Wight 19 July 1957.

Section 2: The introduction of a snort system in the Royal Navy

This topic is briefly introduced at this point to give some idea how soon after the war a snort system was available for fitting in all Royal Navy active submarines.

The first successful snort system in the Royal Navy is reported as being fitted in Truant N68. She was a relatively old Group 1 T Class. Completed 1939 Vickers Armstrong. Decommissioned 1945. Wrecked off Cherbourg en route to scrapping, December 1946.

For technical detail on snorting see Snorting in the Royal Navy 1945 Onwards.

The T Class and S Class were fitted with 'fold down' combined exhaust and induction masts mast as were the initial installations on the Amphion Class. This quickly changed on the Amphion Class with the exhaust fixed to the after standards and only the induction mast folding down on to the after casing.

Further detail in each section.

Section 3a: The S Class Submarine

Construction of this substantial fleet of (990 tons sm.) submarines was commenced with the laying down of the Sturgeon in 1931. However the submarines of interest in the period 1948-1958 came from the surviving 40 that were part of Group III construction 1941 to 1945.

There were 9 war losses from this group.

There are obvious features introduced in WWII but not fitted to all the GIII submarines. No doubt due to Dockyard opportunities etc.

One was the Oerlikon gun fitted on a raised, railed 'Bandstand', aft of the conning tower, the example here shows the conning tower of Splendid P228 (Lost in 1943)

The following image shows Sahib P212 without this feature (lost in 1943). Another feature was the single external torpedo seen clearly on this image of Sahib but not on all the class. This was the only external tube fitted to the S Class.

The GIII S Class were fitted with a 3' and later a 4' gun. It was thought the latter would be more effective against small ships, particularly in the Far East, (The Design and Construction of British Warships 1939-1945). The 3' mounts seem to have all been simple unshielded deck guns, again as shown on Sahib but the 4' gun appears to have had a platform mount and shield as seen in Sea Devil in the post war photograph below and a grainy but clear close-up of the gun and conning tower of the Scotsman P243, 1946 on the right.

Post-war many of the S Class were transferred to other navies or scrapped and it is history of the survivors that went on to serve in the critical 1948-1958 period before new submarines came into service that is of interest.

As will be shown in the following sections on the T Class and Amphion Class submarines, snort systems were quickly fitted to these submarines shortly after the war, but the situation regarding the S Class is not quite so clear from the data available to the author. Indeed Mike Critchley shows the Sea Scout in 1948 in his 'British Warships since 1945'. She has a gun but no 'bandstand' but more importantly no snort. The white standards and no pennant number displayed, confirm the date. However there is one undisputed example of snort being fitted to S Class submarines in the mid-1940's, the Sirdar

SirdarP226 (S76)
Launched Scotts, completed Vickers Armstrong 1943.
31-May-1965 arrived for scrap P&W MacLellan, Bo'ness.
1 Feb 1953, Sirdar was swamped by floods while in dry dock at the naval dockyard at Sheerness, Kent, and later sank
1959 Used in experiments by the Naval Construction Research Establishment.
Scrapped 1965.

The photo below shows she was in full commission in 1946 still fitted with a gun and access tower but also a snort mast. That the pennant number is displayed confirms the date and identity. A second similar photograph is on file showing the standards painted white and the pennant number painted out, this would be about a year or so later.

In both photographs, the WWII 'Bandstand' has been removed and a study of an official drawing for Syrtis (lost 1944) fitted with a 'Bandstand' shows that this may well have been a requirement to enable the various fittings of the snort system to be installed. This seemed to apply equally to the T Class and Amphion Class with snort. Paul Kemp in his book 'The T Class Submarine' confirms this point.

Presumably the reason the U-Boat designers of WWII chose to fold the schnorkel mast into a well in the fore casing, fixing to the forward conning tower when erect, was to enable the retention of the 'Bandstand' or more correctly in German parlance, the 'Wintergarten' flak battery in those desperate times. Perhaps noting the failure of the U-Boats to successfully take on the Allied AWS aircraft with the gun on the surface, the 'Bandstand ' gun platform quickly disappeared from all submarines of the Royal Navy after 1945.

Sirdar appears not to have had a stern tube, but in any case John Eade suggests that the installation of the snort required the removal of the stern tube (when fitted) to improve surface stability. This seems to be confirmed by the need to remove the stern tube for stability reasons when a 4' gun was fitted, (The Design and Construction of British Warships 1939-1945).

She is reported to have assisted in the search for the lost Affray in 1951, by sitting on the bottom of the sea off Portland to give the searchers experience in locating a sunken submarine.

This submarine was obviously in active service in 1951 and may well have been modernised in 1953 but for the dockyard incident?

Recap

Without considerable unjustifiable and expensive searching of the archives, it can be reasonably assumed that the S Class serving from 1948 to about 1952 were either like Sea Scout with gun and no snort or Sirdar with both. The modernisation programme as described in Section 3b largely removed any uncertainty by bringing uniformity.

Section 3b: Eleven S Class modernised submarines

11 - S Class Submarines modernised in 1952/1953. PoWV 1959 description - Submersible (Snort fitted)

Sidon was lost in 1955, leaving 10 vessels for the remainder of the period.

Modernisation is identifiable by the absence of a gun, the removal of raised gun access tower forward of conning tower and the raised fairing over the snort mast raise/lower mechanism. A modern ASDIC dome is fitted.

According to PoWV 1959 - 6 internal forward torpedo tubes. Twelve Mk 8** torpedoes. Alternatively mines, 18 - M Mk 5 or 12 - S Mk 6. All the submarines in this section were fitted with ASDIC 129 ARD or AR, 138F. U.T./ E or U.T/E (X). T.C.S. (S) Mk 1 or Mk 2, mod 1. 267PW radar. 350 ft maximum depth, suggesting all an welded construction.

This modernised group of submarines remained in active service for the whole of the period of interest and most well beyond into the sixties. It is reasonable to assume that amongst other duties they met many of the Submarines Services obligations to provide ASW targets. Their long range capabilities demonstrated in WWII in the Far East in most arduous conditions, may well have seen them as effective snort units in a conflict in Northern Waters closer to the UK than the larger submarines on this list.

A detailed official drawing is to hand of the modernised Subtle 1953. The drawing shows gun and access tower removed, no external tubes.

No increase in submerged propulsion power. PoWV 1959 recorded speeds remained as built but likely higher capacity battery cells were installed for a moderate improvement in endurance. The vessels named in this list align with a brief list in an Royal Naval Submarine Museum archive document A1996/381.

These submarines by name and number

ScythianP237 (S137)
Completed Scotts 1944.
08-Aug-1960 arrived for scrap Ship breaking Industries, Charlestown Fife.
Photograph shows modernised. PoWV 1959 confirms modernised 1953.

Sea DevilP244 (S44)
Completed Scotts. Dec' 1945.
15-Dec-1965 arrived for scrap Metal Recoveries, Newhaven.
Photograph shows modernised. PoWV 1959 confirms 1952.
Said to be the last operational submarine of the S Class.

SturdyP248 (S48)
Completed 1943 Cammell Laird.
9 Jul 1955 suffered an battery explosion.
Royal Naval Submarine Museum Archive indicates modernised. Photograph shows modernised.
Sold for scrap July 1957 at Malta, 09-May-1958 arrived for scrap Clayton & Davie, Dunston

SubtleP251(S51)
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird.
June 1959 arrived for scrap to Ship breaking Industries, Charlestown.
PoWV 1959 confirms modernised.

Sea ScoutP253 (S153)
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird.
Paid Off 1963.
09-Dec-1965 sold for scrap to T.W. Ward, Briton Ferry.
PoWV 1959 confirms modified 1953.
The photo below shows an example of the modernised class towards the end of their long service.

SeneschalP255 (S75)
Completed 1945 Scotts.
Aug-1960 arrived for scrap Clayton & Davie, Dunston.
Photograph shows modernised.
PoWV 1959 confirms modernised 1952 and to be scrapped.

SentinelP256 (S56)
Completed 1945 Scotts.
28-Feb-1962 sold for scrap to Lynch at Rochester and broken up at Gillingham.
Photograph shows modernised.
Listed in PoWV 1959 not shown as modernised.

ScorcherP258 (S58)
Completed 1945 Cammell Laird.
14-Sept-1962 arrived for scrap to Ship breaking Industries Charlestown, Fife.
PoWV 1959 confirms modernised 1952.
Barrow list says hull retained for experimental purposes 1961.

SidonP259
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird.
Lost 1955 due to 'fancy' torpedo explosion Portland.
Photograph shows modernised.
The sinking of HMS Sidon

SpringerP264 (S64)
Completed 1945 Cammell Laird.
Sold to Israel 1958 delivered Dec' 1959, renamed Tanin.
Photograph shows modernised.
Then later as Tanin with 3' or 4' deck gun and possibly a light AA gun in bandstand.

SanguineP266.(S66)
Completed 1945 Cammell Laird.
Sold to Israel 1958 delivered 1960, renamed Rahav.
Photograph shows modernised apparently while in Royal Navy service.
Later Israeli photograph shows 3' or 4' deck gun.

Section 3c: Four S Class submarines to France 1951/1952

These submarines by name and number

StatesmanN22, P246
Completed 1943 Cammell Laird. Streamlined as Seraph .
To French 1951 as Sultane according to PoWV 1959.
03-Jan-1961 sold for scrap to HG Pounds Porchester.

SatyrP214
Completd 1943 Scotts.
Streamlined as Seraph .
To French 1951 to 1961 as Saphir.
PoWV 1959 says for scrap.
04-Apr-1962 arrived for scrap Ship breaking Industries, Charlestown Fife

SpitefulP227
Completed 1943 Scotts.
Loaned to France as Sirene 1952-1958.
No indications she was modernised.
24-Oct-1958 returned
15-Jul-1963 sold for scrap to Metal Industries Faslane

SportsmanP 229
Completed 1942 HM Dockyard Chatham.
Loaned to France as Sybille 1951
Lost 23 Sept 1953.

Section 3d: Six S Class Submarines, scrapped by 1950

These submarines by name and number

SceptreP215
Completed 1943 Scotts.
Streamlined as Seraph .
08-Aug-1949 damaged by battery explosion.
Sept 1949 sold for scrap to J.J. King, Gateshead

StoicP231
Completed 1943 Cammell Laird.
1948, expended as depth trial hull at Kyle, Scotland. A large fleet assembled including HMS Flamborough Head an 8580 ton maintenance ship, two lifting craft, a floating science laboratory and a number of other support vessels. Collapsed at 162 metres.
July 1950 sold for scrap to WH Arnott Young, Dalmuir. Broken up on the beach at Loch Alsh?

SupremeP252
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird.
17-Jun-1947 expended as depth trial hull collapsed at 197.5 metres. It is not clear if the support fleet was similar to Stoic.
12-Jul-1949 sold for scrap to West of Scotland Ship breaking, Troon. Broken up on the beach.

SpiritP245
Completed 1943 Cammell Laird.
04-Jul-1950 Arrived for scrap T.W. Ward, Grays.

ShalimarP 242
Completed 1944 HM Dockyard Chatham.
Only one commission.
Laid up at Harwich 1945-50 until scrapped at Troon.

Sea RoverP218
Launched Scotts, completed Vickers Armstrong 1943.
Collided with HMAS Bunbury off Fremantle, December 17, 1944.
07-Jun-1950 arrived for scrap Metal Industries Faslane.

Section 3e: Four S Class as streamlined, un-armed ASW targets

These submarines starting with the Seraph in 1944, were streamlined with tubes blanked off. See link for full detail of modifications.

There were originally seven conversions. See Sceptre (Section 3d).

They were active as targets in the early part of the period, but noting two of these conversions were transferred to France in 1951 (Section C), it seems that apart from Seraph, they were of decreasing value. However it has to be considered that earlier in the period, in time of war, with their torpedo tubes still in place but blanked off for streamlining, they could have been restored to full operation without taking up too much dockyard time.

These submarines by name and number

SeraphP219 (S119?) S89.
Completed 1942 Vickers Armstrong.
20-Dec-1965 arrived for scrap to T.W. Ward, Briton Ferry.
Trials with HM Submarine Seraph

Photograph in Mike Critchley's 'British Warships Since 1945' shows her smartly painted modern black, June 1962, still with aerial torpedo armour, displaying S89, apparently a post 1961 number. She was photographed in 1944 after streamlining with P219 on conning tower. In 1951 presumably changed to S119 to avoid duplication. PoWV 1959 confirms as a padded target with ASDIC and U.T. as for modernised boats, (Section 3b). No T.C.S. 300 ft.

SolentP262 (S62)
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird.
28-Aug-1961 arrived for scrap West of Scotland Ship breaking, Troon..
Likely had been out of commission for quite some time.
Anecdote - had been charging Scotsman until 1959 then to Portsmouth in poor condition.
PoWV 1959 - has all the ASDIC/ U.T. listed for the modernised S Class in Section 3b and T.C.S. PoV 1959 says to be scrapped.

SeleneP254
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird.
06-Jun-1961 arrived for scrap J.J. King, Gateshead. (Likely out of commission for quite some time before being scrapped)
PoWV 1959 - has ASDIC/ U.T. listed for the modernised S Class Section 3b. But no T.C.S. PoV 1959 says for disposal.

SleuthP261 (61)
Completed 1944 Cammell Laird
15-Sept-1958 arrived for scrap Ship breaking Industries. Charlestown Fife. (Likely out of commission for quite some time before being scrapped).
No PoWV 1959 data recorded.

Section 4a: Ten - Group III T Class Submarines. 1571 tons sm

Truculent was lost 1950.

Taurus rejoined the Royal Navy in 1953 bringing the total from then on to 9. PoWV 1959 description - Submersible (Snort fitted)

This group of submarines during the period and beyond, appeared largely as built here as shown in the photograph to the right, but with the Oerlikon 'Bandstand' removed and a snort system fitted as shown in the photograph in the list entry for Thule

All retained their 6 forward internal tubes with 12 Mk 8** torpedoes plus the option of a maximum number 18 Mk Mk 5 or 12 Mk 12 S mines. All retained their amidships, angled and stern facing external tubes, a distinctive feature of this class added early in WWII.

The two forward and/or the single aft external tubes were often removed and the apertures blanked off on different submarines throughout the period.

The details below are taken from the PoWV 1959 therefore describing their armament etc, at the end of the 'period. The maximum depth of 300 ft indicates these submarines were of part welded construction.

If a conflict had arisen in the period. here does not seem to be any particular reason to suppose these submarines with 6 re-load tubes forward would be any less effective as snorting submarines than the Amphion Class , not modernised.

The obvious differences were the Amphion Class having almost twice the maximum depth and two re-load stern tubes but against that, only 4 re-load tubes forward.

The extended T Class, the pride of the submarine fleet of the 'period, was limited to 350 ft as opposed to the 500 ft of the Amphion Class and that taking the First of Class trials, was likely conservative and could be 600 ft.

One assumes the big engine advantage of the Amphion Class would not be significant snorting as the extended T Class had the same engines as the T Class not modified and this was apparently acceptable.

These submarines by name and number

TrespasserP312.(S12)
Completed 1942 Vickers Armstrong.
26-Sept-1961 arrived for scrap to J.J. King, Gateshead.
PoWV 1959. 4' gun still fitted on S2 mount. Stern external tube removed. Forward and amidships tubes remain. 16 Mk 8** torpedoes or mines option. 129AR, 138F ASDIC. U.T./E (X). 267PW radar. T.C.S (S) Mk 1. 300 ft

TacticianP314 (S14)
Completed 1942 Vickers Armstrong.
6 Dec 1963 sold to J. Cashmore and arrived Newport to be broken up.
PoWV 1959.4' gun still fitted on S2 mount. Stern external tube removed. Forward and amidships tubes remain. 16 Mk 8** torpedoes or mines option. 129 ARD, 138BR ASDIC. U.T./E (X). 267PW radar. T.C.S (S) Mk 1. 300 ft

TruculentP315
Completed 1942 Vickers Armstrong
Lost while carrying out trials following a refit RYD Chatham. Collided with mercantile Dvina off The Nore 12/1/50.
Salvaged 14/3/50.
Scrapped 1950 Grays (on Thames).
Included in this list as the intention to keep her in commission was signalled by the refit. The loss led to the introduction of the 'Truculent Light', extra steaming lights fore and aft as shown below. .

Note. The sad photograph of the boat being raised shows she had white conning tower wind-breaker and standards in 1950. From photographs of other submarines this would appear be the year this paint scheme was phased out. For example,Artemis in 1950 shown in Section 5 below.

TelemachusP321(S21)
Completed 1943 Vickers Armstrong.
28-Jun-1961 arrived for scrap Ship breaking Industries, Charlestown Fife.
PoWV 1959. 4' gun on S2 mount still fitted. Stern external tube removed. Forward and amidships tubes remain. 16 Mk 8** torpedoes or mines option. 128ARD, 138F ASDIC. U. T./E. 267PW radar. T.C.S. (S) Mk 1. 300 ft.
Memories of Donald (Buckwheat) Harris

ThoroughP324 (S24)
Completed 1944 Vickers Armstrong.
29-Jun-1961 arrived for scrap Clayton & Davie, Dunston on Tyne
PoWV 1959. 4' gun removed. Stern external tube removed, forward and amidships tubes remain. 16 Mk 8** torpedoes or mines option. 129ARD, 138 F ASDIC. U.T. /E(X). T.C.S. (S) Mk 1. 267W radar. 300 ft. To be scrapped.
First submarine to circumnavigate the globe, returning to Gosport 16 Dec 57.

ThuleP325 (S25)
Completed 1944 HM Dockyard, Devonport.
18-Nov-1960 Damaged by 'RFA Black Ranger' whilst surfacing during exercises in English Channel.
14-Sept-1962 arrived for scrap T.W. Ward, Inverkeithing
PoWV 1959. 4' gun removed. Amidships external tubes only remain fitted. 14 Mk 8 **torpedoes or mine option. 129AR, 138 F ASDIC. U.T./E (X). 267 PW radar. T.C.S. (S) Mk 2, Mod 1. 300 ft
Painted black with S25 on conning tower.

In January 1955, the Thule having been modified by having the gun removed, was temporarily fitted with the Type 186 passive hydrophone ASDIC set (code name Knout) for trials. A long array of about 9m by 0.75m was attached to the upper fore casing and similar on the after casing. No later than 1957, the Thule was restored and refitted with her gun. The 1959 PoWV states a gun was not fitted to Thule. This is at odds with the later photograph shown here with her pennant number displayed.

TudorP326 (126)
Completed HM Dockyard, Devonport 1944.
01-07-1963 sold for scrap,
23-Jul-1963 arrived Metal Industries, Faslane.
PoWV 1959. 4' gun still fitted on S2 mount. Forward and stern external tubes removed. Amidships tubes remain fitted. 14 Mk 8** torpedoes or mine option. 128 AR, 138BR ASDIC. U.T./E. 267W radar. No T.C.S. recorded. 300 ft.
G. Chalcraft - 1946, made available to scientists engaged in exploring sea bed, mainly off West Coast of UK.

Tally HoP317 (S87)
Completed 1942 Vickers Armstrong.
10-Feb-1967 arrived for scrap T.W. Ward, Briton Ferry.
PoWV 1959. 4' gun still fitted on S2 mount. Stern tube removed. Forward and amidships tubes remain. 16 Mk 8** torpedoes or mines option. 129ARD, 138F ASDIC, U.T/E (X).T.C.S. (S), Mk 2, Mod 1. 267 PW radar. 300 ft.
Tally-Ho, The Boat With a Charmed Life

TrenchantP331(S31).
Completed 1944 HM Dockyard, Chatham.
01-Jul-1963 sold for scrap
23-Jul-1963 arrived Metal Industries, Faslane.
PoWV 1959. 4' gun still fitted on S2 mount. Forward and Stern external tubes removed. Amidships tubes still fitted. 14 Mk 8 ** torpedoes or mine option. 129 ARD, 138BR ASDIC. U.T./E. T.C.S. (S) Mk 1. 267PW radar. 300 ft.

TaurusP339 (S39)
Completed 1942 Vickers Armstrong.
To Netherlands as Dolfijn, 1948-1953.
April 1960 arrived for scrap Clayton & Davie, Dunston.
PoWV 1959. 4' gun fitted on S2 mount. All five external tubes fitted. 17 Mk 8** torpedoes or mines option. 129AR 138BR ASDIC.. No U.T. fitted, 267PW radar. To be scrapped. The lack of U.T. raises a small doubt as to whether she went back into active service with the Royal Navy before being scrapped. However errors of omission like this do very occasionally occur in the PoWV 1959.

Section 4b: Accounting for T Class to early scrap or loan

These submarines are included to account for vessels that were still in existence early in the 1948 to 1958 period.It is not at all clear why these apparently serviceable T Class submarines were scrapped, especially the first three?

These submarines by name and number

TemplarP316
Completed 1943 Vickers Armstrong.
Sunk as Target in Loch Striven, Scotland, 1954.
Salvaged 4-Dec-58.
19-July-59 arrived Troon to be broken up.
It has not been possible to determine if she was fitted with snort and in service post war.
Moored torpedo target, RNSM A1996/381. Date?

TantalusP318
Completed 1943 Vickers Armstrong.
Scrapped 1950 T.W. Ward Ltd, Milford Haven.
Recently a photograph was located with the name and date handwritten on the image. She is shown moored to a buoy with a snort fitted, flying a jack and an ensign, with the bridge manned. No pennant number and standards painted white tend to confirm the date, apparently in normal service three years after the war. Why she was scrapped two years later is not known.

TantivyP319
Completed 1943 Vickers Armstrong.
Expended as target in Cromarty Firth, 1951.
There is an undated photograph on file showing her apparently in Malta, fitted with appears to be a white painted snort mast, most unusual. The standards are white, this with no pennant number displayed indicates about 1948. The wreck of this submarine is apparently owned by local divers George Brown and Bruce Greig of Moray Firth Diving, who bought it 20 years ago to keep it safe from salvors for leisure divers.

TarnP336
Completed 1945 Vickers Armstrong Vickers.
To Netherlands as Tijerhai, 1945-1962
Returned & scrapped 1966.

Section 4c: Eight T Class extended hull, fast battery submarines 1680 Tons sm

For more technical detail see article T Class Conversion

The PoWV 1959 described these submarines as INTERMEDIATE SUBMARINE (B) as it did the new Porpoise Class .

In service the extended T Class were often referred to as 'Super Ts'.

Strictly speaking in terms of service availability from the start of the period in 1948, the eight submarines in this list belong in Section 4a before entering the dockyard each to emerged two years later as a modern submarine. (I served on both Tiptoe and Truncheon before they were converted.)

Their conversion into fast battery submarines was the major diesel submarine construction programme of the 1948-1958 period. The hull was lengthened and additional motors installed. The only torpedo tubes left were the original six. forward internal 21 inch tubes. 12 Mk 8** torpedoes plus the option of mines. The gun was removed.

The FOSM in 1948 was concerned about the loss of external stern shots but accepted it as an inevitable consequence of modernisation.

Construction notes

The first telescopic snort masts in the Royal Navy were fitted in the fin.

All conversions took place at HM Dockyard, Chatham in more or less, sequential pairs. Each conversion took about two years, improving with experience. All welded - 350 ft.

The last four had a 3.5ft extension in the control room in addition to the 14 feet added to engine room of all eight submarines. For structural reasons, the CR extension involved the removal of a small section of the original hull complete with the ER/CR bulkhead. This meant the new 20 ft hull insert had to be fabricated complete with the recovered ER/CR bulkhead. Thus the hull was extended by 17.5 ft. (This information from Roger Fry who researched this aspect of the conversion in great detail.)

The first six had the lower conning 'cab' as shown below while the final two dispensed with the cab and the conning position was placed atop the fin as shown on the right. A feature that was carried forward in the Amphion modification and all new construction. Why the Admiralty did not modify the first six is inexplicable.

The US Navy Guppy programme suffered from this same problem and were tardy in moving to upper con' positions - i.e. the GIII conversions. The first two had a rounded bow, while the remaining six had a splayed bow with broader casing for a future large sonar dome - see following ASDIC notes.

ASDIC and T.C.S. notes

At this point some notes on ASDIC are appropriate as in 1948 the Flag Officer Submarines was anxious to have these extended submarines fitted with the best available sets.

The original ASDIC sets intended in 1948 for the extended Taciturn were the wartime 129 ARD and 138BR sets together with a new 171 set.

The authoritative Hackmann in his book 'Seek and Strike' H.M.S.O. states that in 1953 Thermopylae was fitted with an experimental 'Four Square' set (171) and 718 hydrophone combination that was planned to become operational in 1959, but after review the Navy Staff could not envisage a clear role for this set and decided it was only useful for mine detection. The type 171 was cancelled.

Hackmann also states that Aurochs in 1950, tested the 169 set that was to replace the wartime 129 attack set. A 168 set was also fitted to replace the 138 listening set. They were the last of the 'Searchlight' sets developed before the war.

At some point in the period, 169A/168 sets were fitted in all these submarines, the modernised T Class and later the modernised Amphion Class submarines

In the author's limited experience, Underwater Telephones were not a widespread fit at the beginning of the period and recalls a temporary fitting of a US set for trial about 1950.

Hackmann tells of the future beyond the period the large split beam 718 hydro phone was given a mine detection capability and reclassified as the 187 set It was 5 feet wide using using magnetostrictive principles and rotated in a large streamlined dome (A/S 79). Later it seems Barium Titanate was used in this set.

It should noted that the forward ASDIC dome in 1953 (Totem - Commander Coote) is quite small compared to those fitted to these submarines in the sixties.

This was followed by the first British hydrophone array, Type 167. A development of German GHG wartime technology that the US had utilised more quickly, installing sets in submarines in 1949/50. But now back to the period.

Obtaining information on the various marks of T.C.S. has proven difficult but here are a few notes about the latest mark appearing in the PoWV 1959, thus at the end of the period.

The Torpedo Control System was a further development of the ISWAS or 'Fruit Machine' fitted earlier in the period. In essence a mechanical analogue computer, a simple version of the Fire Control found on surface ships.

The basic purpose was to take all the data on target course and range from the periscope and manually feed it into the machine. The course and the speed of the submarine was also fed in. The output was to the torpedo operators who adjusted angle of the torpedo in the tube as instructed. Running depth could also be adjusted.

Usually a manual plot was kept during the action. All fairly basic.

Apparently the T.C.S. (S) 3 was an improved version with a direct feed from the gyro compass and manually set inputs from the ASDIC, Radar and visual from the periscope or from the Time Bearing Plot. Torpedo angle output and depths could be set. It could only produce one firing solution at a time. Apparently it was first fitted to Thermopylae for trials in 1954 but the first operational fit was Tabard in May 1955. The limitations of the mechanical operation were not removed until the arrival of semiconductor kit in the sixties and of course the wire guided torpedo. Click here for a detailed description of the US Navy unit about 1945-50. It seems to be more advanced than were the Royal Navy units of that time.

PoWV 1959 states all eight submarines were fitted with T.C.S, (S) Mk 3, mod 1. 169A and 168 ASDIC sets. U.T./E (X) Underwater Telephone sets. 1000 type radar sets

These submarines by name and number

TaciturnP334 (S34)
Completed 1944. Vickers Armstrong.
Conversion November 1948 to March 1951.
23-Jul-1971 sold for scrap to T.W. Ward, Briton Ferry.

TurpinP354 (S54)
Completed 1944 HM Dockyard Chatham.
Conversion June 1949 to September 1951.
To Israel 19-May-1967 as Leviathan

TotemP352 (S52)
Completed 1945 HM Dockyard Devonport
Conversion May 1951 to May 1953.
To Israel 1964, as Dakar. Loss on the trip to Israel in Mediterranean remains largely unexplained, 25/1/68
Totem mystery solved by Titanic hunters

ThermopylaeP355 (S55)
Completed 1945 HM Dockyard Chatham.
Conversion September 1951 to September 1953.
03-Jul-1970 arrived West of Scotland Ship breaking, Troon for scrapping.

TruncheonP353 (S53)
Completed 1945 Devonport RDY.
Converted September 1951 to December 1953.
To Israel 9 Jan,1968 as Dolphin.
NOTE. A photograph shows fin converted in Israeli service to con' atop the fin.

Prior to conversion she took part in submarine vs. submarine trials with Alcide. More detail about this trial in references in A Fresh Look at the Five streamlined T Class Submarine of the 1950s .

TiptoeP332 (S32)
Completed 1944 Vickers Armstrong.
Converted July 1952 to September 1954.
29-Aug-1969 de-commissioned
16-Apr-1971 Sold to H.G. Pounds at Portsmouth for scrapping
The last T Class in sea service. Her anchor is at Blyth, commemorating Blyth's links with submarines.

TabardP342,(S42)
Completed Scotts 1946
Conversion March 1953 to May 1955.
02-Jan-1974 sold
14-Mar-1974 arrived J Cashmore Newport for scrapping

TrumpP333 (S33) (S21)
Completed 1944 Vickers Armstrong.
Conversion February 1954 to June 1956.
23-Jul-1971 sold for scrap to J Cashmore Newport.

Section 4d: Five - Streamlined T Class submarines

PoWV 1959 description - Submersible (Snort fitted) Streamlined. 1573 tons sm.

These submarines are discussed in detail in A Fresh Look at the Five streamlined T Class Submarine of the 1950s

Notes.

The gun and all external tubes removed on all five submarines leaving 6 only forward internal tubes - 12 Mk 8** torpedoes plus option of mines. No stern shots. Considered a disadvantage without the modern wire guided torpedoes that were yet to come. The PoWV dates for streamlining are confusing and I suggest the explanation is that stated in the Tireless entry and in all cases the earlier date is correct for the original streamlining.

The collecting of the detail for 'Particulars of War Vessels' each year must have been a monumental effort relying on many other people; the odd error has been noted.

PoWV 1959 states all fitted with ASDIC 169A and 168 sets. U.T./E (X). T.C.S. (S) Mk 3 Mod 1. 267 PW radar.

The PoWV 1959 states the depths, the statements about welding are from other sources though the 2 depths of 300 and 350 feet are related to the welding.

Later photographs of Tireless (see below) seem to show a simple modern induction mast that does not combine with an exhaust mast as it did prior to modernisation. It is possible that during modernisation, the exhaust was arranged in the after fin as in the streamlined Amphion Class.

The submarines by name and number

TirelessP327 (S27?) (S77)
Completed 1945 HM Dockyard Portsmouth.
Streamlining conversion 10-Jul-1951 to 11-Aug-1952. (probably Chatham).
20-Sept-1968 sold for scrap to J Cashmore Newport.
PoWV 1959. Modernised 1958.
Part welded 300ft max.

(There is little doubt that the original modification was completed in 1952 and that 1958 likely refers to modifications to upgrades. The listed photographs of the later bow shape tend to confirm this, as does a more modern snort mast.)

TapirP335 (S35)
Completed 1944 Vickers Armstrong.
18-Jun-1948 loaned to Dutch Navy renamed 'Zeehond'
16-Jul-1953, returned.
Streamlining conversion. 16-Dec-1953 to Sept-1954 HM Dockyard Chatham
14-Dec-1966, arrived for scrap Ship breaking Industries, Faslane
PoWV 1959. Modernised 1958. All welded 350 ft.

TokenP328 (S28)
Completed 1945 HM Dockyard Portsmouth.
Streamlining conversion Apr-1954 to Jan-1956. (probably Chatham)
Kemp in his book 'The T Class Submarine' has a photograph of a streamlined T Class, said to be Token 6-1-56, following streamlining showing forward, a deck level railed platform for a gun. Shot is from the stern but a gun is apparently not fitted. Later pictures show no gun.
Last dive at Portland 8 Sep 67.
18-Feb-1970 sold for scrap HG Pounds Portsmouth.
PoWV 1959. Modernised 1958. Part welded 300ft max.
Token - Gone Fishing

Note. Here is a photograph before streamlining, with a substantial strange boxlike structure where the gun and gun access hatch would be on a standard T Class submarine?

TalentP337 (S37) was Tasman.
Completed 1945 Vickers Armstrong.
Streamlining conversion 11-Jun-1954 to 13-Feb-1956 HM Dockyard Chatham.
28-Feb-1970 arrived West of Scotland Ship breaking, Troon for scrapping.
PoWV 1959. Modernised 1956. All welded 350 ft.

TeredoP338,S38.
Completed 1946 Vickers Armstrong.
Streamlining conversion 09-Jun-1955 to Mar-1957 HM Dockyard Chatham
05-Jun-1965 arrived T.W. Ward, Briton Ferry for scrapping.
PoWV 1959. Modernised 1957. All welded 350 ft.
G Chalcraft - Gravity test for Royal Society 1950 prior to modernisation, laying the foundations for the Ships Inertial Navigation System (SINS) used in later nuclear boats.
Visited by 33,000 people during a month long publicity trip around the south and east coasts of England, October 1960

Section 5: Sixteen Amphion Class submarines 1620 tons sm

Affray lost 1951 leaving 15 vessels in service for the rest of the period.

NOTES

Prior to the period of interest 1948 to 1958, the majority of the submarines of this class would be appear as shown in this photograph of Affray.

Each submarine had a pair of external torpedo tubes forward and aft. The whole class would progressively have the 'Bandstand' Oerlikon gun removed and a snort system fitted as shown below.

This is Artemis in 1950 when the author was serving aboard her, it is notable the 4' gun is not fitted, she still had her forward external tubes and likely the pair in the stern but memory fades.

Some Amphion Class submarines would retain their original 4' guns until the later streamlining programme that commenced in 1955 while the external torpedo tubes would be progressively removed and apertures blanked off in each submarine.

PoWV 1959 shows all vessels have the external tubes removed. Only the four forward and the two after re-loadable tubes remain - 16 Mk 8** torpedoes.

Though the author recalls electric torpedo charging units in the fore ends of Artemis in 1950. Reviewing the history, these would be Mk 11. Alternative mine load - 26 Mk 5 mines or 16 S Mk 6 mines.

From about 1955 individual submarines were progressively streamlined complete with a fin and the old prominent bow buoyancy tank removed giving the submarine a very modern appearance.

The conversion programme seems to have applied to all the class by early 1960 apart from Aurochs, being considered in too poor a condition, but notably continued in service well into the Sixties - see entry item comments.

PoWV 1959 shows an increase in maximum submerged speed from 8 knots at 1250shp to 10 knots at 1600 shp. No known alterations were made to the electric motors. The cells were changed to higher capacity types.

For detailed discussion on Amphion Class motors see HMS Scotsman - 1948 Trials and Experimental Submarine

The later introduction of telescopic snort to some of this class, while of no consequence in the earlier period that is the focus of this list, it does indicate that these older submarine were valued in the sixties - perhaps even more than in the early fifties?

PoWV 1959 entries for Amphion, Astute and Artful state designed depth 500 feet, tested depth 600 ft. I recall a test dive on Artemis in 1950 of 525 ft.

These submarines by name and number

AmphionP439 (S 39?) (S43)
Completed March 1945 Vickers Armstrong.
06-Jul-1971 sold to T.W. Ward Ltd, Inverkeithling for scrapping.
PoWV 1959 states that a 4' gun on S2 mount was still fitted. T.C.S (S) Mk 2, mod 2. 129 RD and 138 ASDIC. U.T. /E. 267 PW radar. Being modernised.
Spread Awnings

AstuteP455 (S55?) (S47)
Completed June 1945. Vickers Armstrong.
01-Oct-1970 sold, 02-Sept-1970 arrived Clayton & Davie Dunston for scrapping.
PoWV 1959, makes no comment about modernisation, but all the data indicates she had been modernised. No gun fitted. T.C.S (S) Mk 1. 169A and 168 ASDIC. U.T. /E. 267 PW radar. (The T.C.S. entry could be an error?)

AlderneyP416 (S16) (S66)
Completed December 1946 Vickers Armstrong.
Image on file showing fore and aft ext' tubes blanked. Gun fitted. Modern ASDIC dome.
06-Jun-1972 sold to Ship breaking (Queenborough) Ltd, Cairnryan.
PoWV 1959 states modernised 1958. No gun fitted. T.C.S (S) Mk 3, mod 2. 169A and 168 ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar

AffrayP421.
Completed November 1945 by Vickers Armstrong.
Lost 1951 with all hands.
Likely fitted with 129 and 138 ASDIC. 267 PW radar.
The earlier photgraph shows her with 4' gun, 'Bandstand' aft of conning tower, therefore no snort. Forward external tubes fitted. Debbie Corner, Photographic Archivist, Royal Naval Submarine Museum has provided an similar image showing the 4' gun and 'bandstand' gone and snort fitted. circa 1950. Much like her sister, Artemis in 1950.
Affray - Disaster Beneath the Waves
Divers try to solve riddle of the Affray

AurigaP419 (S19?) (S69)
Completed January 1946 Vickers Armstrong.
12-02-1970 Battery explosion
14-Nov-1974 sold to J Cashmore, Newport for scrap.
PoWV 1959 states modernised 1956. No gun fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk 3, mod 2. 169A and 168 ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar

AeneasP427 (S27)
Completed July 1946 Cammell Laird.
14-Nov-1974 sold, 13-Dec-1974 arrived Clayton & Davie Dunston for scrapping.
A photograph of the as yet un-streamlined submarine is on file clearly showing S27 on the side of the conning tower.
PoWV 1959 states no gun fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk 1. 129 RD and 138F ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar. No mention of modernisation though later this was carried out.

AlcideP415 (S15) (S65)
Completed October 1946 Vickers Armstrong.
18-Jun-1974 sold to Draper & Sons Hull for scrapping.
PoWV 1959 states a 4' gun on S2 mount was still fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk 3, mod 2. 129 RD and 138F ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar. No mention of modernisation though later this was carried out.

AlaricP441 (S41)
Completed February 1947 Cammell Laird.
06-Jul-1971 arrived T.W. Ward Inverkeithing for scrapping.
PoWV 1959 states no gun fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk 3, mod 1. 129 RD and 138F ASDIC. U.T. /E. 267 PW radar. No mention or suggestion of modernisation.

AurochsP 426 (S26)
Completed February 1947 Vickers Armstrong.
Completed with snort.
07-Feb-1967 arrived West of Scotland Ship breaking Troon for scrapping.
A photograph is on file clearly showing S26 on the side of the conning tower.
PoWV 1959 states 4' inch gun fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk mod 1. 129 RD and 138F ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar. Being modernised.

However it is reported (The Submarine Alliance - Lambert and Hill) that the submarine was eventually considered unfit for modernisation and was the only exception in the whole class. Steve McNeil, 2nd Coxswain - 'Streamlined - no I don't she was. She was the last boat with a forward gun mounting that I know of. She was decommissioned in 1964 or perhaps early 1965. And yes, she was a bit of a wreck at that stage. In fact Steve sent a photograph of himself on Aurochs in front of the old style gun. He also published an article in CPOA newsletter Crown and Anchor about his joining the Royal Navy Submarine Service from the Royal Canadian Navy and then Aurochs, coming out of refit in 1962. Key points are widespread service including exercises with Token off Gibraltar and trips to Spain and the Mediterranean. On commissioning Aurochs did the usual deep dive to 500 feet - one wonders what was found wrong with that made her unsuitable for streamlining?

AllianceP417 (S17) (S67)
Completed May1947 Vickers Armstrong.
Completed with snort.
Preserved at Royal Naval Submarine Museum, Gosport, England.
PoWV 1959 states no gun fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk 2, mod 2. 129 RD and 138F ASDIC. U.T. /E. 267 PW radar. Being modernised.

AmbushP418 (S18) (S68)
Completed July 1947 Vickers Armstrong.
Completed with snort
05-Jul-1971 arrived T.W. Ward, Inverkeithling for scrapping.
PoWV 1959 states modernised 1957. Gun removed. T.C.S. (S) Mk 3, mod 2. 169A and 168 ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar
Ambush - Surface Gun Action

ArtemisP449 (S49)
Completed August 1947 Scotts.
01-Jul-1971 sank alongside HMS Dolphin
12-Dec-1971 sold for scrap to HG Pounds, Portsmouth.
PoWV 1959 states modernised 1958. T.C.S. (S) Mk 3, mod 2. 129A (this is perhaps a typo and should be 169?) and 168 ASDIC. U.T. /E (X). 267 PW radar.

AnchoriteP422 (S22) (S64)
Completed November 1947 Vickers Armstrong.
Completed with snort.
24-Aug-1970 sold, 06-Jul-1971 arrived West of Scotland Ship breaking, Troon for scrapping.
03-Oct-1960 Struck uncharted rock whilst submerged off New Zealand.
PoWV 1959 states modernised 1956. No gun fitted. T.C.S. (S) Mk

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